Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of black adzuki bean (BAB) extract on adipocytes, and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms. In order to examine the proliferation of preadipocytes and differentiating adipocytes, cell viability and DNA content were measured over a period of time. Lipid accumulation during cell differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of BAB on the transcriptional factors involved, with their anti-adipogenic effects, were also identified. We observed that BAB exhibits anti-adipogenic effects through the inhibition of proliferation, thereby lowering mRNA expression of C/EBPβ and suppressing adipogenesis during the early stage of differentiation. This, in turn, resulted in a reduction of TG accumulation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treating the cells with BAB not only suppressed the adipogenesis-associated key transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα but also significantly decreased the mRNA expression of GLUT4, FABP4, LPL and adiponectin. The expression of lipolytic genes like ATGL and HSL were higher in the treatment group than in the control. Overall, the black adzuki bean extract demonstrated an anti-adipogenic property, which makes it a potential dietary supplement for attenuation of obesity.
Highlights
A constant positive energy balance can lead to excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissues.Excessive body fat, especially higher visceral adiposity, is associated with an increased risk in the development of numerous adverse health conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3].Obesity is induced by an increase in adipose tissue mass, which results from the multiplication of fat cells followed by adipogenesis and increased deposition of cytoplasmic triglycerides [4]
We evaluated the antioxidant activity of 20 different kinds of adzuki bean ethanol extract (Supplementary Table S1) and black adzuki bean (BAB) exhibited effective antioxidant activity compared to the rest of the adzuki beans
adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) participates in triglyceride-specific hydrolysis and, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism [44]. These results indicate that BAB impairs the proliferation and mitotic clonal expansion (MCE), and subsequently inhibits the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by down regulating many genes associated with lipid accumulation during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (Figure 7)
Summary
A constant positive energy balance can lead to excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissues.Excessive body fat, especially higher visceral adiposity, is associated with an increased risk in the development of numerous adverse health conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3].Obesity is induced by an increase in adipose tissue mass, which results from the multiplication of fat cells followed by adipogenesis and increased deposition of cytoplasmic triglycerides [4]. A constant positive energy balance can lead to excessive fat accumulation in white adipose tissues. Especially higher visceral adiposity, is associated with an increased risk in the development of numerous adverse health conditions including diabetes and cardiovascular disease [1,2,3]. Obesity is induced by an increase in adipose tissue mass, which results from the multiplication of fat cells followed by adipogenesis and increased deposition of cytoplasmic triglycerides [4]. Adipogenesis is a process of formation of new adipocytes from preadipocyte precursors, and an understanding of this process is important for controlling obesity [5]. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells into adipocytes involves a highly orchestrated series of events including clonal expansion, growth arrest, and terminal differentiation [6] Adipogenesis is a complex process called that is sequentially regulated by several transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ and C/EBPα).
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