Abstract
The clamp rot is one of the usual biotic stress factors for dormant red beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.). The process of root rotting proceeds due to the activity of a complex of microorganisms. A variety of protective systems, including the system of antioxidant defense, help the beetroot cells to resist the pathogenic microorganism action and to maintain their viability. Due to such factors, the activation of the antioxidant defense enzymes is expected. The results obtained demonstrate that antioxidant enzymes were activated in the vacuoles of beetroots affected by root rot. The activity of peroxidase (POX, EC 1.11.1.7), Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.8.1.7) increased markedly. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in the vacuoles has been assessed to be quite high compared to that of tissue extracts. In the tissues of affected beetroots, the activity of tSOD (total SOD) did not increase, while tPOX (total POX) activity reduced. Only the tGR (total GR) activity increased. The isozyme composition of vacuolar enzymes was characterized by stability. The increase in the number of cationic isoforms of tPOX was noted in the tissue of affected beetroots. In general, the changes in the activity of the vacuolar antioxidant enzymes suggest that the central vacuole is an important component of cell defense in biotic stress.
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