Abstract
Little is known about whether the application of biogas residues in rice fields will affect the degradation of pesticides. This study investigated the dissipation behavior of the fungicide difenoconazole in paddy water and sediment after the application of a chemical fertilizer or biogas residues. The results showed that the application of biogas residues changes the dissipation of difenoconazole in both paddy water and sediment. The half-lives of difenoconazole in paddy water and sediment with biogas residues were 0.50 and 10.09 days, respectively, while the half-lives of difenoconazole in paddy water and sediment with chemical fertilizer were only 0.22 and 4.64 days, respectively. After biogas residues were applied in a paddy field, no significant changes in pH value of paddy water and sediment and soil microorganisms were observed, but soil organic matter decreased by 30%. The above studies suggest that biogas residues may affect the dissipation of pesticides in paddy field water and sediments, which provides a new focus on the scientific and rational use of biogas residues as organic fertilizer in rice fields.
Highlights
Pesticides are routinely used in integrated farm management programs to reduce possible losses
The soil organic matter decreased by 29% in the chemical fertilizer treatment plot, while a higher reduction rate of 34.8% in the soil organic matter was observed in biogas residue treatment plot (Figure 1), indicating that under nitrogen equivalent condition, the application of chemical fertilizer contains more phosphorus and potassium to preserve soil fertility, while there is less nutrient content in biogas residues, and the paddy rice absorbed more from the soil, leading to more decrease in organic matter in biogas residue treatment
The main dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota, indicating that the application of biogas residues has no effect on the diversity of soil microorganisms
Summary
Pesticides are routinely used in integrated farm management programs to reduce possible losses. Despite beneficial effects on the global food supply and in maximizing the economic gain from agricultural activities, the use of pesticides can cause environmental problems (Morrissey et al, 2015; Barron et al, 2017; Della Rossa et al, 2017; Souza et al, 2019). These persistent agrochemicals often cause health hazards to nontarget organisms, including animals and humans. Triazole fungicides are commonly used in agricultural systems against the main diseases of crops (Zubrod et al, 2019). Difenoconazole is extensively used in a wide range of crops in many countries for its Dissipation of Difenoconazole good control of various fungal diseases (Wang et al, 2008). It has become important to check the dissipation behavior of difenoconazole in a paddy field environment
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