Abstract
Biochar application was reported to influence soil phosphorus (P) leaching, but the reports are conflicting, and could be related to soil depth and water management. A field trial of a Wild Cabbage-Chinese Cabbage rotation was used to investigate the effect of biochar application and irrigation volume on P leaching risk in fluvisol soil profiles (0–20 cm, 20–50 cm, 50–100 cm) in the Chaobai River basin. The experiment included two biochar levels [0 (−BC), 30 t/hm2 (+BC)], and two irrigation levels [conventional irrigation (CI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI)]. The irrigation rate of WSI was 80% of CI. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in soil leachable P in the soil profiles under the two irrigation volumes, while biochar application tended to increase soil leachable P in the top layer soil (0–20 cm) and subsurface layer soil (20–50 cm) irrespective of the irrigation rate. The average value of the P leaching “change point” in the soil profiles with +BC was significantly higher than that with −BC (0–20 cm: 35.52 mg kg−1 vs. 25.86 mg kg−1; 20–50 cm: 27.61 mg kg−1 vs. 20.02 mg kg−1). Additionally, the P leaching risk was observed in all top layer soil (0–20 cm) irrespective of irrigation rate and biochar application, and the P leaching risk in the subsurface layer (20–50 cm) with +BC was lower than that with −BC, especially under WSI. Therefore, it is recommended that biochar application combined with water-saving irrigation could be used as a measure for controlling soil phosphorus leaching under open field vegetable rotation in the alluvial soil of Chaobai River basin.
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