Abstract
To improve the agricultural environment, utilization of biochar and organic materials from paddy fields gaining importance. This is because the long-term use of inorganic fertilizers aggravates the soil environment, and also because rice paddy is a major source of CH4 and N2O emissions during rice cultivation which involves continuous flooding. Recently, the application of organic materials and biochar to the soil has received increasing attention due to their potential benefits related to soil quality, crop growth, and greenhouse gas emission. This study examines the influence of biochar and straw treatments on rice growth, soil physicochemical properties, and global warming potential in the paddy field. Five treatments were applied for the study: control (Cn), inorganic fertilizer (IF), barley straw biochar (BC), barley straw (BS), and BC + BS. Soil quality after rice harvesting improved in the BC treated group. The yield components of rice were also improved in the BC + BS, compared to other treatments. These effects resulted in increased rice yield and uptake of nutrient contents in the BC + BS treatment. Total fluxes of CH4 and N2O relative to global warming significantly decreased by 37.3% and 65.2% in the BC + BS group than in the IF treatment, respectively. Consequentially, a cropping system with BC and BS is an effective strategy to improve rice productivity and soil quality and also reduce GHG emissions from paddy fields, thereby alleviating global warming.
Highlights
Recent decades have seen a rise in global warming, a long-term phenomenon resulting in increasing average temperatures of the air and the ocean on the surface of the earth
We aim to evaluate the effect of combined biochar and barley straw on rice yield, and soil properties, and the CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy fields
Biochar or organic material application to crop fields is recommended for improving plant growth and multifaceted functions of the soil [24,25,26,27,28]
Summary
Recent decades have seen a rise in global warming, a long-term phenomenon resulting in increasing average temperatures of the air and the ocean on the surface of the earth. The main reasons for global warming are increasing emissions of C O2, CH4, and N2O. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the important cereal resources worldwide. It is differently cultivated under the soil, climatic, and hydrological conditions, and is generally managed under flooded conditions in paddy fields [3]. Sufficient land is required for cultivation since more than 50% of the global population consumes rice. During the rice cultivation period, rice paddies are constantly flooded, and most of the greenhouse gas emitted from rice paddies is CH4 [6]. During the rice cultivation period, rice paddies are constantly flooded, and most of the greenhouse gas emitted from rice paddies is CH4 [6]. CH4 generation is affected
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