Abstract
To evaluate the potential of bifidocin A for preservation of fresh Spanish mackerel fillets, the bioactive packaging films incorporated with bifidocin A (1 × minimal inhibition concentration (MIC), 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC) were developed, and their effects on the microbiological and physicochemical properties and sensory profile of mackerel fillets at refrigerated storage were investigated. Results showed that the incorporation of bifidocin A in cellulosic matrix films did not affect the thickness and elongation of the films, but reduced slightly the tension strength. The films incorporated with 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC bifidocin A presented a broad spectrum of activity against most tested bacteria, including some fish-borne specific spoilage bacteria such as Pseudomonas fluorescens, Shewanella putrefaciens, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Micrococcus luteus, and maintained their 100% activity for 28 days during storage at 4°C. The bioactive packaging films incorporated with bifidocin A could generally suppress the growth of microflora, especially Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae, as well as substantially inhibit the accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hypoxanthine, during chilled mackerel fillets storage. Overall, from a microbiological and physicochemical point of view, a much more effective treatment was achieved with 4 × MIC bifidocin A, extending the shelf life to 12 days and maintaining the relatively low TVB-N value (≤13.2 mg/100 g), TBARS value (≤0.45 mg MDA/kg), and K-value (≤32.8%), as well as a relatively high sensory score (≥7.1) during the whole storage. Hence, the bioactive packaging films incorporated with bifidocin A could be a promising hurdle technology and alternative to conventional processes used for improving the safety and quality of chilled mackerel fillets.
Highlights
Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) is a major marine sh and is widely distributed in the Bohai Sea and East China Sea. e sh constitutes desirable components of a healthy diet, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals and is deeply loved by consumers and producers in China
We developed the antimicrobial potential of packaging films incorporated with bifidocin A to improve preservation of chilled mackerel fillets. is bioactive packaging could be a more promising preservation technology than bacteriocin alone, due to its action as a barrier against external agents and by maintaining high concentrations bacteriocin on the food surface with a low migration [21]
We described the influence of packaging films incorporated with bifidocin A on the pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and K-value of chilled mackerel fillets in detail. e results indicated that the bioactive packaging with bifidocin A effectively inhibits the accumulation of TVB-N, TBARS, and Hx during chilled mackerel fillets storage, which is basically consistent with the microbiological change, and achieve the similar effect as the addition of bacteriocin alone
Summary
Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) is a major marine sh and is widely distributed in the Bohai Sea and East China Sea. e sh constitutes desirable components of a healthy diet, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals and is deeply loved by consumers and producers in China. Because of its high nutritive content, fresh mackerel llets are highly perishable even under refrigerated storage [1]. With regard to the microbial contamination of sh llets occurring primarily at the surface, due to postprocessing handling, the use of bioactive packaging lms containing antimicrobial agents could be more e cient, by slow migration to the food surface, helping to maintain high concentrations where they are needed [8]. Bacteriocins are safe, natural antimicrobial peptides for food preservation, and some of them present high potential to inhibit the growth of sh-borne spoilage or pathogenic bacteria [9,10,11,12,13,14]. At present there are no studies available that evaluated the antimicrobial packaging film containing bacteriocin on microbial reduction and quality parameters during the storage of a marine fish
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