Effects of binary mixtures of inducers (toluene analogs) and of metals on bioluminescence induction of a recombinant bioreporter strain.

In Kong

doi:10.3390/s141018993

Abstract

This paper investigated the effects of binary mixtures of bioluminescence inducers (toluene, xylene isomers, m-toluate) and of metals (Cu, Cd, As(III), As(V), and Cr) on bioluminescence activity of recombinant (Pm-lux) strain KG1206. Different responses and sensitivities were observed depending on the types and concentrations of mixtures of inducers or metals. In the case of inducer mixtures, antagonistic and synergistic modes of action were observed, whereas metal mixtures showed all three modes of action. Antagonistic mode of action was most common for mixtures of indirect inducers, which showed bioluminescence ranging from 29% to 62% of theoretically expected effects (P(E)). On the other hand, synergistic mode of action was observed for mixtures of direct and indirect inducers, which showed bioluminescence between 141% and 243% of P(E).In the case of binary metal mixtures, bioluminescence activities were ranged from 62% to 75% and 113% to 164% of P(E) for antagonistic and synergistic modes of action, respectively (p-values 0.0001–0.038). Therefore, mixture effects could not be generalized since they were dependent on both the types and concentrations of chemicals, suggesting that biomonitoring may constitute a better strategy by investigating types and concentrations of mixture pollutants at contaminated sites.

Highlights

Petroleum hydrocarbons are some of the most common and important contaminants worldwide [1,2].A large number of technologies have been developed in order to clean up such sites
The goals of this work were to (1) evaluate the bioluminescence response patterns of KG1206 bioreporter strain exposed to binary mixtures of five inducers; and (2) assess the effects of binary metal mixtures on bioluminescence activity of KG1206 bioreporter strain in the presence of single inducer chemicals
After the initial definitive tests, 1.0 and 0.5 mM each of m-toluate, toluene, and m, o, p-xylene were used to evaluate the effects of binary mixtures of inducer pollutants on bioluminescence induction

Summary

Introduction

Petroleum hydrocarbons are some of the most common and important contaminants worldwide [1,2].A large number of technologies have been developed in order to clean up such sites. In some cases, biomonitoring has emerged as one of the most effective remediation strategies, especially where contaminant plumes can be retained within property boundaries in the subsurface and groundwater [3]. This has created a need for a variety of monitoring technologies, ranging from simple and rapid on-site assessments to elaborate laboratory measurements of contaminants [4]. Numerous microbial processes, including whole cell activity, activities of specific enzymes, intact gene expression, and recombinant gene expression, can be utilized in biomonitoring assays Such microbially-derived assessment tools are usually simple, rapid, and cost-effective compared to conventional chemical analyses and can be effectively used in the preliminary assessment of contaminated sites

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