Effects of bicortical anchorage on pterygopalatine suture opening with microimplant-assisted maxillary skeletal expansion

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of bicortical engagement by microimplants with maxillary skeletal expanders on pterygopalatine sutures opening and to analyze the postexpansion skeletal changes associated with it. Eighteen subjects treated with maxillary skeletal expanders were examined for pterygopalatine suture openings. Eight subjects who showed no evidence of the suture opening were assigned to the nonsplit group (NG), whereas 10 subjects with opened sutures were assigned to the split group (SG). Preexpansion and postexpansion cone-beam computed tomography images were superimposed for each group, and the changes in the 2 groups were compared. Finally, cone-beam computed tomography volumes were reoriented along the axis of each microimplant to check the bicortical engagement of the 4 microimplants. There was a significant correlation between the bicortical engagement of the orthodontic microimplants and the pterygopalatine suture opening (P=0.0003). In the NG, the average amount of transverse expansion measured at the center of resistance of the maxillary first molars, anterior nasal spine, and posterior nasal spine (PNS) was 4.33mm, 2.22mm, and 1.58mm, respectively, whereas the transverse expansion in the SG was 5.29mm, 2.21mm, and 2.46mm, respectively. The magnitude of transverse expansion at PNS was significantly higher in the SG than in the NG (P=0.036). The PNS also showed a significant anterior displacement in the SG (0.89mm) compared with the NG (0.06mm)(P=0.033). Bicortical microimplant anchorage is essential for pterygopalatine suture opening in microimplant-assisted maxillary skeletal expansion, which may result in further skeletal expansion and forward movement in the posterior part of the palatomaxillary complex.