Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive chronic neurodegenerative condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra. Current PD therapeutic strategies are mainly symptomatic and can lead to motor complications overtime. As a result, alternative medicine may provide an effective adjuvant treatment for PD as an addition to or as a replacement of the conventional therapies. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of Bee Venom (BV) and dopamine (DA)-loaded nanoparticles in a reserpine-induced animal model of PD. After inducing PD with reserpine injection, different groups of male rats were treated with L-Dopa, BV, DA-nanoparticles. Our findings showed that BV and DA-nanoparticles administration restored monoamines, balanced glutamate/GABA levels, halted DNA fragmentation, decreased pro-inflammatory mediators (IL-1β and TNF-α), and elevated anti-inflammatory mediators (PON1) and neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels in comparison with conventional therapy of PD. Furthermore, in a reserpine-induced PD rat model, the ameliorative effects of BV were significantly superior to that of DA-nanoparticles. These findings imply that BV and DA-nanoparticles could be useful as adjuvant treatments for PD.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that was first described as shaking palsy by James Parkinson
When the temperature was raised after 90 days, the nanoparticles agglomerated indicating the possibility of storing this formula at room temperature (Fig. 1A,B)
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Bee Venom (BV) and DA-nanoparticles on reserpine-induced animal model of PD and compare their effects with L-Dopa, as a conventional therapy of PD
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that was first described as shaking palsy by James Parkinson. It is characterized by pathological brain alterations which include degeneration of dopamine secreting neurons in substantia nigra and aberrant aggregation of alpha-synuclein protein in the cytoplasm of neurons forming Lewy b odies[1]. As the disease progress, fewer residual nigrostriatal neurons are capable of taking up and converting exogenously administered levodopa to dopamine for subsequent storage and release[10]. Bee venom therapy has been used in alternative medicine[13] It has been used in the treatment of some diseases such as rheumatoid, gout, neuropathy, and inflammatory disorders. The goal of tis study is to assess and compare the possible effects of L-Dopa, BV, and novel self-nanoemulsifying dopamine delivery system on reserpine-induced PD rat model
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