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Abstract
This study compares the effects of sodium selenite, selenium yeast, and enriched bacterial organic selenium protein on antioxidant enzyme activity, serum biochemical profiles, and egg yolk, serum, and tissue selenium concentration in laying hens. In a 112-d experiment, 144 Lohman Brown Classic hens, 23-wks old were divided into four equal groups, each has six replicates. They were assigned to 4 treatments: 1) a basal diet (Con), 2) Con plus 0.3mg/kg feed sodium selenite (SS); 3) Con plus 0.3mg/kg feed Se-yeast (SY): 4) Con plus 0.3mg/kg feed bacterial enriched organic Se protein (ADS18) from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteria. On d 116, hens were euthanized (slaughtered) to obtain blood (serum), liver organ, and breast tissue to measure antioxidant enzyme activity, biochemical profiles, and selenium concentration. The results show that antioxidant enzyme activity of hens was increased when fed bacterial organic Se (ADS18), resulting in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum GSH-Px, SOD, and CAT activity compared to other treatment groups. However, ADS18 and SY supplementation increase (P < 0.05) hepatic TAC, GSH-Px, and CAT activity, unlike the SS and Con group. Similarly, dietary Se treatment reduced total cholesterol and serum triglycerides concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the Con group. At 16 and 18weeks, selenium concentration in hen egg yolks supplemented with dietary Se was higher (P < 0.05) than in Con, with similar patterns in breast tissue and serum. Supplementation with bacterial organic Se (ADS18) improved antioxidant enzyme activity, decreased total serum cholesterol and serum lipids, and increased Se deposition in egg yolk, tissue, and serum. Hence, organic Se may be considered a viable source of Se in laying hens.
Highlights
In natural sciences, the term “antioxidant” is increasingly common as it gains attention because of its health advantages (Huang et al 2005)
Three supplemented diets were designated as control, basal diet + 0.3 mg/kg feed sodium selenite (SS), Se-yeast (SY), and bacterial organic Se (ADS18), respectively
Supplementation with bacterial organic Se of ADS18 resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in serum Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activity (CAT) activity when compared to other groups, but GSH-Px activity was similar to the Se-yeast group
Summary
The term “antioxidant” is increasingly common as it gains attention because of its health advantages (Huang et al 2005). Dietary antioxidants are substances in food that, as described by the Institute of Medicine (Meyers 2000), significantly scavenge and reduce or inhibit the unfavorable effects of reactive species (oxidants), like oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS or RNS), prevent certain diseases, and promote normal physiological functions in living being (Salehi et al 2018; Aziz et al 2019). Biological antioxidants, include enzymatic antioxidants (like glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants such as Vitamin E (Aksoz et al 2020; Gouta et al 2021) and Vitamin C (Chiaiese et al 2019; Giuffrè 2019; Saracila et al 2020), oxidative enzyme inhibitors (aspirin, cyclooxygenase, ibuprofen), antioxidant enzyme cofactors (Se, Coenzyme Q10), meta chelators (EDTA) and scavenge reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) (Huang et al 2005; Kurutas 2016). To produce high-quality livestock products, it is important to use dietary antioxidants as they are capable of reducing lipid peroxidation in serum lipid profile, increases the antioxidant status and its concentration in the animal products, and providing benefits to both animals and humans health (Surai and Dvorska 2002)
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