Abstract
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to the quality and safety of rice. Microbial agents are favored by the public because they can activate the nutrient supply in the soil, and reduce the residue and application amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Based on the conventional fertilization in the field, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger were applied, Bacillus mucilaginosus was inoculated at four levels in the paddy soil in the cold region of Heilongjiang Province of China. The effects of different proportions of Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger on the number of soil microorganisms, enzyme activity, microbial biomass, soil biochemical intensity, soil nutrient content, plant nutrient content and yield were studied, and the effects on the plant nutrient content of rice and the nutrient dynamics were discussed. The results showed that a 2.62%-21.20% higher yield of rice obtained from co-application treatments compared with that of the control-blank treatment. Furthermore, the highest yield obtained (10736±65 kg/hm2) suggested that the optimized values for the two bacteria applied were 120×1011 CFU/hm2 for Bacillus mucilaginosus and 15×1011 CFU/hm2 for Aspergillus niger. Bacillus mucilaginosus can decompose minerals in soil, dissolve potassium and silicon, decompose apatite and release phosphorus into soil. Aspergillus niger can transform the phosphate which cannot be absorbed by plants into soluble phosphate which can be directly absorbed by plants by producing non-volatile acids. In particular, Bacillus mucilaginosus and Aspergillus niger have synergistic effect, and their combined application effect is greater than that of two bacteria alone. Co-application promoted the release of soil soluble silicon, and then increased the silicon content of plants. At the same time, soil microorganism, microbial biomass, enzyme activity and biochemical activity all increased significantly. This study provides an effective way to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer applied in rice production in cold regions of China. Keywords: microbial inoculants, microbial fertilizer, rice, co-application, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Aspergillus niger, nutrients DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20201302.4863 Citation: Sun T, Liu Y Y N, Wu S, Zhang J Z, Qu B, Xu J G. Effects of background fertilization followed by co-application of two kinds of bacteria on soil nutrient content and rice yield in Northeast China. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2020; 13(2): 154–162.
Highlights
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, Chinese agricultural sector clearly defined the basic goal of “One Regulatory, Two Reduction and Three Basic”, and actively built a supporting green output increase model around the target agricultural sectors at all levels[1,2,3,4]
Conventional chemical fertilizers are mainly used in rice production in northeast China, most of them do not contain Si
The objectives of this study were to identify the optimal proportions of microbial inoculants suitable for local use, to provide an effective way to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers applied in rice production and to provide guidance for the research of Si and P availability in the rice-soil ecosystem
Summary
During the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, Chinese agricultural sector clearly defined the basic goal of “One Regulatory, Two Reduction and Three Basic”, and actively built a supporting green output increase model around the target agricultural sectors at all levels[1,2,3,4]. The goal of reducing chemical fertilizer application is to achieve zero growth of chemical fertilizer application by 2020, improve the nutrient utilization rate of food production, soil fertility and comprehensive benefits, and achieve green and sustainable food production development of reducing weight and increasing efficiency in food production, increasing fertility and “storing grain on the ground”. More than half of the world’s population is dependent on rice (Oryza sativa L.), which is a major global crop[5]. The growth and development of rice can be promoted by the absorption of Si; because of its existing form, most of the Si in soil cannot be directly absorbed and utilized. Conventional chemical fertilizers are mainly used in rice production in northeast China, most of them do not contain Si. Apart from Si, phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant and animal life. The gradual replacement of chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers and beneficial microorganisms is vital
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