Abstract
To investigate the adipogenesis and lipolysis effects of the Bacillus subtilis-fermented white sword bean extract (FWSBE) on 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we treated 3T3-L1 preadipocytes before and after differentiation with FWSBE and measured triglyceride, free glycerol, mRNA, and protein levels. First, FWSBE reduced the cell viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes under 1000 µg/mL conditions. Triglyceride accumulation in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was suppressed, and free glycerol content in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes was increased in the FWSBE treatment groups, indicating that FWSBE has anti-obesity effects. Further, FWSBE suppressed adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes by lowering the protein levels of C/EBPα, PPARγ, and FAS and increasing the level of pACC and pAMPK. Additionally, FWSBE promoted lipolysis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by increasing the transcription levels of Ppara, Acox, and Lcad and the protein levels of pHSL and ATGL. Thus, we suggest that FWSBE can be a potential dietary supplement because of its anti-obesity properties.
Highlights
Spiros ParamithiotisObesity is associated with various metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia
Obesity is caused when excessive energy is accumulated in white adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride (TG), which is composed of three fatty acids and glycerol [3]
To investigate the effect of fermented white sword bean extract (FWSBE) on adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were exTo investigate the effect of FWSBE on adipogenesis, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were exposed posedto toeach eachof ofthe thefour fourconcentrations concentrations of of FWSBE
Summary
Spiros ParamithiotisObesity is associated with various metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. Obesity is caused when excessive energy is accumulated in white adipose tissue in the form of triglyceride (TG), which is composed of three fatty acids and glycerol [3]. The three elements mainly involved are CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) [4,5] Among these elements, C/EBPα and PPARγ control the levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS). C/EBPα and PPARγ control the levels of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), adiponectin, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) These determine the actual adipocyte phenotype and intracellular lipid accumulation [6,7]. PPARα plays a major role as a transcription factor that promotes the expression of FA oxidation genes, such as peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1
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