Abstract
The in-plane instability pressure of U-shaped bellows can be calculated by Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association standards formulas where only the internal pressure load is taken into account, in this paper, the effects of axial deformation load is presented. The in-plane instability tests are designed based on variety load conditions: internal pressure together with zero, tensile and compressive deformation. It is concluded that the in-plane instability critical pressure of bellows under compressive deformation is apparently lower than that under zero deformation, and the in-plane instability critical pressure of bellows under tensile deformation is higher than that under zero deformation.
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