Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) on the treatment of induced periodontitis in rats. Periodontitis was induced in 84 rats via ligature placement around the second upper molar, which was removed after 7 days, and scaling and root planning (SRP) was performed at this time. Subsequently, the rats were randomly allocated to four groups with 21 animals each: One SRP group in which saline solution was administered (SS), and three groups in which ASU was administered (0.6 g/kg/day), beginning either 7 days before the induction of periodontitis (SRP/ASU-7), on the day of periodontitis induction (SRP/ASU0), or on the day of treatment (SRP/ASU+7). ASU and SS were administered daily by gavage until the sacrifice of the animals (7, 15, and 30 days after SRP). The % bone in the furcation area was evaluated by histomorphometry and micro-CT. The expression of proteins (TRAP, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) and mRNA (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, RANKL, and alkaline phosphatase) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The SRP/ASU+7 group presented a higher percentage of bone fill in the furcation area and higher expression of alkaline phosphatase than in the SRP group (at 7 and 30 days, respectively). The SRP/ASU0 and SRP/ASU+7 groups presented lower expression levels of RANKL mRNA than the SRP and SRP/ASU-7 groups at 15 days. ASU administration on the day of the SRP treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis promoted subtle beneficial effects on periodontal repair following the treatment of induced periodontitis within the experimental period of 7 days.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease induced by dental biofilm that induces a host response against bacterial antigens, and it is evidenced clinically by the resorption of alveolar bone concomitant with clinical attachment loss and the formation of periodontal pockets.[1]
This therapy, termed host modulation therapy, is based on the observation that the progression of periodontal disease is highly dependent on the expression of biological mediators of inflammation and that the alteration of the expression of these proteins modifies the inflammatory profile of the patients and assists in the resolution of this pathological process.[5]
Taking into account the anti-inflammatory and proliferative effects of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) and the good outcomes induced by this drug in the treatment of arthritis, which possesses a pathogenic mechanism of tissue destruction similar to that which occurs in periodontitis,[25] this study aimed to assess whether the use of ASU promoted beneficial effects on periodontal repair after the treatment of ligatureinduced periodontitis in rats
Summary
Periodontitis is an immune-inflammatory disease induced by dental biofilm that induces a host response against bacterial antigens, and it is evidenced clinically by the resorption of alveolar bone concomitant with clinical attachment loss and the formation of periodontal pockets.[1]. Several immunomodulatory drugs of the inflammatory response have been suggested as alternatives for the adjunctive treatment of periodontitis.[4,5] Among these drugs, some drugs are noteworthy due to the positive results observed clinically, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) selective[6] or not selective for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2),[7] bisphosphonates,[8] and low doses of doxycycline.[9] the therapeutic protocol with these drugs has limitations due to the induction of side effects.[4] all of these drugs act only by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory mediators of inflammation, and a good modulating host inflammatory response drug has been suggested to act to stimulate the biological mediators of tissue repair.[4,10]
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