Abstract
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) is being used widely in a variety of biomedical applications. Extensive research in the field of plasma medicine has shown the induction of DNA damage by APP in a dose-dependent manner in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Recent evidence suggests that APP-induced DNA damage shows potential benefits in many applications, such as sterilization and cancer therapy. However, in several other applications, such as wound healing and dentistry, DNA damage can be detrimental. This review reports on the extensive investigations devoted to APP interactions with DNA, with an emphasis on the critical role of reactive species in plasma-induced damage to DNA. The review consists of three main sections dedicated to fundamental knowledge of the interactions of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with DNA and its components, as well as the effects of APP on isolated and cellular DNA in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Highlights
The nascent field of plasma medicine is a rapidly growing and innovative interdisciplinary endeavor encompassing plasma physics, life sciences, biochemistry, engineering and clinical medicine [1].Electrical plasma ignited in gas under ambient conditions, called an “atmospheric pressure plasma”(APP), is an ionized gas composed of charged particles, radicals, neutral species, photons and electromagnetic fields
An important feature of non-equilibrium Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) is its ability to produce a mixture of biologically active agents, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), while remaining close to ambient temperature, which enables its safe application to living cells and tissues
In vitro and in vivo studies conducted in a variety of normal and cancer cell lines have demonstrated the efficacy of APPs in inducing a variety of dose-dependent effects ranging from cell proliferation to apoptosis [7,8,13,14,15,46,64,65,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,162,163]
Summary
The nascent field of plasma medicine is a rapidly growing and innovative interdisciplinary endeavor encompassing plasma physics, life sciences, biochemistry, engineering and clinical medicine [1]. The floating electrode-DBD (FE-DBD) developed by Fridman et al [6,9,11] for in vivo applications has the dielectric material covering the high-voltage electrode, while the tissue acts as the ground electrode This configuration greatly reduces the flow of current to the treatment tissue. Another commonly used APP is APPJ, which is an indirect source since the plasma generated between two electrodes is transported to the treatment material using a feed gas, typically helium, argon or nitrogen [12,13,14].
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