Effects of asthma severity, exacerbations and oral corticosteroids on perinatal outcomes

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to investigate whether asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity are associated with prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. Cohort studies published between 1975 and March 11, 2012 were considered for inclusion. 138 publications were identified for possible inclusion, and nine papers met the inclusion criteria, by reporting perinatal outcomes of interest (low birth weight, <2500 g), pre-term birth (<37 weeks gestation unless otherwise stated) and small for gestational age (<10th percentile for gestational age and sex) in groups of asthmatic patients stratified by history of exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity. Maternal asthma exacerbations and oral corticosteroid use had a significant effect on outcomes, including low birth weight (RR 3.02, 95% CI 1.87-4.89 and RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.93, respectively) and pre-term delivery (RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.89-2.69 and RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15-1.98, respectively). Moderate-to-severe asthma during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of small for gestational age (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.15-1.35) and low birth weight (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.05-1.26) infants. These data suggest that asthma exacerbations, oral corticosteroid use or asthma severity defined as moderate-to-severe may be associated with pre-term delivery, low birth weight, and small for gestational age infants. Further studies on the effect of maternal asthma control on perinatal outcomes are warranted.