Effects of Aspirin and Prednisone on Platelet Function and Thromboxane Synthesis in Healthy Dogs.

John M Thomason,Joshua M Price,Jacqueline C Whittemore,Allison P Mooney

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00393

Abstract

Glucocorticoid administration is a risk factor for thromboembolism in hypercoagulable dogs, and it is unknown if aspirin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced hypercoagulability. The objective was to determine the effects of sustained aspirin and prednisone administration on platelet function and thromboxane synthesis. Our hypothesis was that aspirin would consistently inhibit platelet function and thromboxane synthesis when administered with or without prednisone. In 24 healthy dogs, platelet aggregometry and urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane-B2 (11-dTXB2)-to-creatinine ratios were measured on days 0, 14, and 28. Dogs were administered placebos, aspirin (2 mg/kg/d), prednisone (2 mg/kg/d), or prednisone/aspirin combination therapy PO for 28 days in a randomized double-blinded study. Aspirin response was based on a >25% reduction in platelet aggregation compared to pre-treatment values. Results were compared using mixed model, split-plot repeated measures ANOVAs. P < 0.05 was considered significant. AUC differed significantly by time [F(2,40) = 10.2, P < 0.001] but not treatment or treatment-by-time. On day 14, 2 dogs were aspirin responders (aspirin, 1; placebo, 1). On day 28, 3 dogs were aspirin responders (aspirin, 2; prednisone/aspirin, 1). Urine 11-dTXB2-to-creatinine ratios differed significantly by group [F(3,20) = 3.9, P = 0.024] and time [F(2,40) = 8.7, P < 0.001), but not treatment-by-time. Post-hoc analysis revealed significant differences between aspirin and placebo groups (P=0.008), aspirin and prednisone/aspirin groups (P = 0.030), and placebo and prednisone groups (P = 0.030). In healthy dogs, sustained aspirin, prednisone, and combination therapy do not inhibit platelet aggregation, and when used as individual therapies, aspirin and prednisone decreased thromboxane synthesis. Additional studies using varied platelet function methodologies in hypercoagulable dogs are necessary.

Highlights

Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of therapy for immune-mediated disorders including immunemediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, inflammatory bowel disease, and immune-mediated polyarthritis
Glucocorticoid administration can result in hypercoagulability in healthy dogs [7,8,9], and it has been identified as a risk factor for thromboembolism in clinical patients [8, 10, 11]
Aspirin is commonly administered to prevent thrombus formation, but it is unknown if anti-platelet doses of aspirin counteract glucocorticoid-induced hypercoagulability

Summary

Introduction

Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of therapy for immune-mediated disorders including immunemediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, inflammatory bowel disease, and immune-mediated polyarthritis. Effects of Aspirin and Prednisone on Platelet Function thromboembolism [1,2,3]. The mechanisms that cause thrombus formation in dogs with IMHA are multifactorial and include endothelial damage, an imbalance between pro- and anticoagulant factors, and increased platelet activation [2, 4, 5]. Standard treatment for dogs with IMHA is multimodal and includes immunosuppression, thromboprophylaxis, and supportive care [1, 6] Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone, are the most commonly used immunosuppressive agent for the treatment of IMHA in dogs. Anticoagulant therapy is commonly recommended as the preferred thromboprophylactic therapy [5], many of these medications are either cost prohibitive and/or administered via injection, leaving oral aspirin as one of the most affordable options for long-term prophylactic therapy. Produced by activated platelets, TXA2 triggers vasoconstriction, causes platelet activation, and enhances platelet aggregation [14]

Methods

Results

Conclusion