Effects of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaf and bloom head extracts on chemically induced DNA lesions in Drosophila melanogaster.

Laura Vicedo Jacociunas,Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz,Rafael Rodrigues Dihl,Heloísa Helena Rodrigues De Andrade,Mauricio Lehmann,Marc François Richter,Juliana Da Silva

doi:10.1590/s1415-47572014000100015

Laura Vicedo Jacociunas, Alexandre De Barros Falcão Ferraz + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572014000100015

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Abstract

The genotoxicity of bloom head (BHE) and leaf (LE) extracts from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.), and their ability to modulate the mutagenicity and recombinogenicity of two alkylating agents (ethyl methanesulfonate - EMS and mitomycin C - MMC) and the intercalating agent bleomycin (BLM), were examined using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Neither the mutagenicity nor the recombinogenicity of BLM or MMC was modified by co- or post-treatment with BHE or LE. In contrast, co-treatment with BHE significantly enhanced the EMS-induced genotoxicity involving mutagenic and/or recombinant events. Co-treatment with LE did not alter the genotoxicity of EMS whereas post-treatment with the highest dose of LE significantly increased this genotoxicity. This enhancement included a synergistic increase restricted to somatic recombination. These results show that artichoke extracts promote homologous recombination in proliferative cells of D. melanogaster.

Highlights

Artichokes, especially Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), have long been consumed as food, especially as a staple component in Mediterranean diets
The presence of saponins, flavonoids and coumarins was analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in silica gel GF254 using eluents and developers indicated by Wagner and Bladt (1996)
The genetic toxicity analyses of both bloom head (BHE) and LE were done in the ST and high bioactivation (HB) crosses by observing the occurrence of clone spot induction in marker-trans-heterozygous adult flies

Summary

Introduction

Artichokes, especially Cynara scolymus L. (Asteraceae), have long been consumed as food, especially as a staple component in Mediterranean diets. Total LE extracts or their constituents reportedly have a beneficial effect in hepato-biliary diseases and improve liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (Adzet et al, 1987; Kirchhoff et al, 1994; Kraft, 1997; Speroni et al, 2003). These extracts have antioxidative and protective properties against hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress in cultured rat hepatocytes (Gebhardt and Fausel, 1997; Miccadei et al, 2004). We have recently demonstrated the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of C. scolymus L. leaf extract in vitro (Jacociunas et al, 2012, 2013)

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