Effects of Arthrospira maxima Setchell et Gardner and Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck on the creatinine and ureum levels, and glomerular histology of hypertriglyceridemia Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769)

Abstract

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is one of the metabolic syndromes that affect many people nowadays. Consume junk food, saturated fat, or use waste cooking oil can increase blood fat level especially triglyceride. HTG has been demonstrated to be risk factors for renal failure and some people use natural ingredients to prevent it. Arthrospira maxima and Chlorella vulgaris are natural ingredients and known contain several nutrients. This research aimed to study the effects of A. maxima and C. vulgaris as preventive treatment of increasing creatinine and urea levels, Renal Somatic Index (RSI) and glomerular histology damage due to HTG induction on rats. Twenty female Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups randomly. The groups were control, HTG, Gemfibrozil (10mg/kg.bw.), A. maxima (2500mg/kg.bw.), C. vulgaris (2500mg/kg.bw.) groups. The four groups except control were induction by waste cooking oil containing saturated fat (15ml/kg.bw.) for HTG condition, given daily for 40 days. The triglyceride, creatinine, and urea levels were measured by spectrophotometric methods and glomerular histology was analyzed qualitatively. The data analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by DMRT. The triglyceride level of A. maxima and C. vulgaris group were significantly lower (p<0,05) than HTG groups. Creatinine level of A. maxima and C. vulgaris group were not significantly lower (p>0,05), while urea level were significantly different (p<0,05) than HTG groups. RSI of A. maxima group was lower significantly different (p>0,05), while C. vulgaris group was lower not significantly different (p>0,05) than HTG group. Gromelural histology damage is cellular swelling, fatty change, and enlarged Bowman capsule. This research concluded that A. maxima didn't significantly able to maintain creatinine level and glomerular histology but significantly able to maintain RSI and urea level, while C. vulgaris didn't significantly able to maintain creatinine level and glomerular histology but significantly able to maintain RSI and urea level in the normal range.