Abstract
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process. The content of urine frequently changes because it is not controlled by homeostatic mechanisms, and these alterations can be a source of biomarkers. However, urine is affected by many factors. In this study, vasoconstrictor and antidiuretic arginine vasopressin (AVP) were infused into rats using an osmotic pump. The rats’ urinary proteome after one week of infusion was analyzed by label-free LC-MS/MS. A total of 408 proteins were identified; among these proteins, eight and 10 proteins had significantly altered expression in the low and high dose groups, respectively, compared with the control group using the one-way ANOVA analysis followed by post hoc analysis with the least significant difference (LSD) test or Dunnett’s T3 test. Three differential proteins were described in prior studies as related to AVP physiological processes, and nine differential proteins are known disease biomarkers. Sixteen of the 17 differential proteins have human orthologs. These results suggest that we should consider the effects of AVP on urinary proteins in future urinary disease biomarker researches. The study data provide clues regarding underlying mechanisms associated with AVP for future physiological researches on AVP. This study provide a sensitive changes associated with AVP. However, the limitation of this result is that the candidate biomarkers should be further verified and filtered. Large clinical samples must be examined to verify the differential proteins identified in this study before these proteins are used as biomarkers for pathological AVP increased diseases, such as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).
Highlights
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process (Gao, 2013)
The rats in control group were infused with normal saline (n = 7), the rats in low dose group were infused with low dose arginine vasopressin (AVP) (10 ng/h, n = 5), and the rats in high dose group were infused with high dose AVP (50 ng/h, n = 6)
Sixteen of the 17 differential proteins have human orthologs. Twelve orthologs of these 16 proteins are part of the human core urinary proteome (Table 3). These results suggest that the effects of AVP on urinary proteins should be considered in future urinary disease biomarker researches
Summary
Biomarkers are the measurable changes associated with a physiological or pathophysiological process (Gao, 2013). These factors can interfere or mask changes caused by the disease itself, increasing the difficulty of identifying reliable and disease-specific biomarkers. Age, gender and other factors can be balanced to a certain degree by the experimental design. It is possible that changes caused by medication are incorrectly considered to be disease biomarkers. The effect of medications should be separately studied to facilitate identifying disease-specific biomarkers
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