Effects of Aqueous-Methanol Bulb Extract of Allium sativum on Gastric Ulcer and Gastrointestinal Motility

Abstract

This research work evaluated the ulcer protective effects of aqueous-methanol bulb extract of Allium sativum in rats using acetylsalicylic acid and cold-stress induced ulceration model. Adult Wistar rats were grouped into 5 (consisting of 5 rats each). Rats in group A were administered normal saline (30 ml/kg P.O) to serve as negative control. Rats in groups. B, C and D were pretreated with graded doses of the extract (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg P.O). Rats in group E were treated with Cimetidine (50 mg/kg P.O) to serve as the positive control. Ulceration was induced in all groups afterwards and gross examination of the excised stomach revealed a dose-dependent decrease in ulcer indices in groups treated with the extract. The highest reduction in ulceration was observed in the group treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract, although statistically insignificant but comparable to the cimetidine treated group. This suggests that Allium sativum extract possesses antiulcer properties. Another aspect of this research work evaluated the effect of the same extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg P.O) on gastrointestinal motility in mice using activated charcoal meal model. Normal saline (20 ml/kg P.O) was used as the negative control. The results obtained from the study revealed a dose-dependent increase in intestinal motility which is suggestive of stimulant laxative mechanism of action. This validates its traditional use as a treatment for constipation and aid in digestion.