Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antioxidative and memory-enhancing effects of aqueous extract of unpolished Thai rice strain of Luem Pua (LP) in SK-N-SH cells and scopolamine-induced memory deficit in mice.Methods: In SK-N-SH cells, viability was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified after pretreatment with LP (0, 200, 600 and 1000 μg/mL) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In mice, memory was impaired by injecting 2 mg/kg/day scopolamine, for 18 consecutive days. On each day, mice were also force-fed with LP 0, 90 or 180 mg/kg. On the last 5 days of treatment, memory was tested using passive avoidance (PA) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests.Results: At concentration up to 1,000 μg/mL LP had no effect on SK-N-SH cell viability and significantly reduce intracellular ROS levels of SK-N-SH cells with or without H2O2. Mice that received 90 or 180 mg/kg LP showed a significant decrease in latency time in PA test and an increase in escape latency time in MWM test. These data suggest that LP antagonizes the effect of scopolamine on memory.Conclusion: LP extract has anti-oxidative and memory-enhancing effects in cell culture and mice. The rice may be a nutraceutical helpful for promoting brain health. Keywords: Dark purple rice, Leum Pua rice, Reactive oxygen species, Memory, Scopolamine, Cell culture
Highlights
Dementia has a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills which could reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities
Luem Pua is one of the aromatic and indigenous purple sticky rice, enriched with flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, and have total antioxidant higher than other black rices [19], The present study was aimed to examine the effects of the aqueous extract of Luem Pua rice (LP) in reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in SK-N-SH cell cultures and on learning and memory of the animals that were impaired by scopolamine chronic treatment
The results showed that LP, at concentrations up to 1000 μg/ml, did not affect SK-N-SH cell viability
Summary
Dementia has a wide range of symptoms associated with a decline in memory or other thinking skills which could reduce a person's ability to perform everyday activities. Luem Pua is one of the aromatic and indigenous purple sticky rice, enriched with flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, and have total antioxidant higher than other black rices [19], The present study was aimed to examine the effects of the aqueous extract of Luem Pua rice (LP) in reducing the ROS in SK-N-SH cell cultures and on learning and memory of the animals that were impaired by scopolamine chronic treatment. The Morris water maze, a test of spatial learning for rodents, was used at 15 min after the normal saline or 2 mg/kg scopolamine injection on days 16, 17 and 18 of treatment [20]. The tests were performed 3 times with an inter-trial interval of 15 min [21]
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