Effects of Apolipoprotein E Isoforms in Diabetic Nephropathy of Chinese Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Yongwei Jiang,Qian Liu,Chengwu Han,Ping Li,Liang Ma,Yongtong Cao,Yaping Xu,Xiao Cong,Tingting Zhao

doi:10.1155/2017/3560920

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes. Genetic polymorphism of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been proposed to participating in DN. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the relationship between ApoE genetic polymorphism and the presence of DN in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. We studied 845 diabetic patients who were divided into DN group (n = 429) and control group (n = 416). ApoE genotype was determined by ApoE genotyping chip and the plasmatic biochemical characterization was performed on all subjects. There were differences (P < 0.001) in HbA1c, creatinine, and urinary albumin between the two groups. The ApoE ε2 allelic frequency was 7.69% in DN group versus 3.49% in control group (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.41–3.47, and P < 0.05), as expected, ApoE E2/E2 and E2/E3 genotype frequency were higher in DN group (13.75% versus 6.49%, P < 0.05). The ApoE ε4 allelic frequency was 7.93% in DN group versus 11.54% in control group (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.97, and P < 0.05), and DN group presented a lower frequency of ApoE E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotype frequency (14.91% versus 19.96%, P < 0.05). These results suggest ApoE ε2 allele may be a risk factor; however ApoE ε4 allele may play a protective role of DN in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.

Highlights

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and approximately 35 percent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients eventually developed DN
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphism has been claimed to play a role in DN development
Most studies on the correlation between ApoE ε2 allele and T2DN showed that ApoE ε2 may be a risk factor of DN, and the ε2 allele frequency was significantly higher in DN patients than in T2DM patients [16, 17]

Summary

Introduction

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major chronic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and approximately 35 percent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients eventually developed DN. Accompanied with high prevalence of diabetes, DN has become the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). About 50 percent new patients required dialysis treatment in Europe is caused by DN [1]. Studies have shown that the occurrence of DN has familial aggregation [4,5,6]; the incidence of DN in T2DM patients whose parents have DN is significantly higher than those whose parents are without DN [7]. DN pathogenesis is not yet very clear, epidemiological studies have found a correlation between DN and a variety of lipid metabolism proteins [8,9,10]

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