Effects of Antihypertensive Treatment on Cardiac Hypertrophy and Cardiac Function in Elderly Hypertensive Patients

Abstract

The effects of antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonists or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on the reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy and the left ventricular function in elderly hypertensive patients were examined. Twenty-four elderly hypertensive patients with cardiac hypertrophy, aged from 65 to 79 years (mean +/- SEM of 71 +/- 1 years), were treated with a calcium antagonist (nifedipine or nicardipine) or ACE inhibitor (captopril or enalapril) for 3 months. Thirteen patients had essential hypertension [EH: systolic blood pressure (SBP) greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, aged 70 +/- 1 years] and 11 had isolated systolic hypertension (ISH:SBP greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg and DBP less than 90 mm Hg, aged 74 +/- 2 years). All patients underwent M-mode echocardiography to assess left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular function (ejection fraction, EF) before and after 3 months of treatment. BP significantly decreased from 174 +/- 3/97 +/- 1 to 144 +/- 5/84 +/- 2 mm Hg in EH and from 167 +/- 3/82 +/- 2 to 144 +/- 4/74 +/- 2 mm Hg in ISH. The LVMI was also significantly reduced from 204 +/- 14 to 174 +/- 16 g/m2 in EH and from 179 +/- 14 to 156 +/- 12 g/m2 in ISH. EF showed no significant changes with treatment in either group. In elderly hypertensive patients, the antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonist or ACE inhibitor reduced cardiac hypertrophy without any deterioration of left ventricular function in both essential hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension.