Effects of Anthocyanin Extracts from Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and Purple Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. 'Synkeä Sakari') on the Plasma Metabolomic Profile of Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats.

Kang Chen,Xuetao Wei,Johanna Jokioja,Maaria Kortesniemi,Raghunath Pariyani,Tuomo Sainio,Jian Zhang,Jari Heinonen,Kaisa M Linderborg,Baoru Yang,Yumei Zhang

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04125

Abstract

This study compared the effects of the nonacylated and acylated anthocyanin-rich extracts on plasma metabolic profiles of Zucker diabetic fatty rats. The rats were fed with the nonacylated anthocyanin extract from bilberries (NAAB) or the acylated anthocyanin extract from purple potatoes (AAPP) at daily doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 8 weeks. 1H NMR metabolomics was used to study the changes in plasma metabolites. A reduced fasting plasma glucose level was seen in all anthocyanin-fed groups, especially in the groups fed with NAAB. Both NAAB and AAPP decreased the levels of branched-chain amino acids and improved lipid profiles. AAPP increased the glutamine/glutamate ratio and decreased the levels of glycerol and metabolites involved in glycolysis, suggesting improved insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis. AAPP decreased the hepatic TBC1D1 and G6PC messenger RNA level, suggesting regulation of gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. This study indicated that AAPP and NAAB affected the plasma metabolic profile of diabetic rats differently.

Highlights

Diabetes compromises the quality of life and brings about a substantial economic burden to the society
This study indicated that anthocyanin extract from purple potatoes (AAPP) and nonacylated anthocyanin extract from bilberries (NAAB) affected the plasma metabolic profile of diabetic rats differently
90% of the diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and a decrease in the number and activity of pancreatic β-cells.[1]

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes compromises the quality of life and brings about a substantial economic burden to the society. 90% of the diabetic patients have type 2 diabetes characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and a decrease in the number and activity of pancreatic β-cells.[1] Healthy food choices are important for reducing the risk of metabolic syndromes and type 2 diabetes. Phenolic compounds have been shown to affect key pathways of carbohydrate metabolism and hepatic glucose (GLU) homeostasis including glycolysis, glycogenesis, and gluconeogenesis, which are usually impaired in diabetes.[2] As a major group of phenolic compounds in the diet, anthocyanins have potential in lowering the risk for the development of various chronic diseases because of their role in regulating energy metabolism as well as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects.[3] anthocyanins inhibit the activities of α-glucosidase and pancreatic α-amylase, which is the target of action by some antidiabetic drugs such as acarbose to reduce the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates.[2]

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