Abstract

To investigate effects of TiO2 nanotubes of different diameters on J744A.1 macrophage behaviour, secretion and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Macrophage-like J744A.1 cells were cultured on three types of Ti surface: mechanically polished titanium plus 30 and 80 nm TiO2 nanotube surfaces, for 4, 24 and 48 h. Macrophage adhesion and proliferation were assessed using CCK-8 assay. Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) and chemokines (MCP-1 and MIP-1α) secreted into the supernatant were measured using the Cytometric Bead Arrays kit. TNF-α, MCP-1 and MIP-1α gene expression were quantitatively analysed by real-time PCR. These show that TiO2 nanotube surfaces, especially of 80 nm TiO2 nanotube, benefited macrophage adhesion and proliferation, and reduced protein secretion and mRNA expression of TNF-α, MCP-1 and MIP-1α. IL-1β and IL-6 were undetectable on all the surfaces at all times. TiO2 nanotube surfaces, especially of 80 nm TiO2 nanotube, reduced inflammatory response in vitro, which might be part of a basis for rapid osseointegration in implants with TiO2 nanotube surfaces in animal studies.

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