Abstract
As semi-automated vehicles get to have the ability to drive themselves, it is important (1) to explore drivers’ affective states which may influence takeover performance and (2) to design optimized control transition displays to warn drivers to take control back from the vehicles. The present study investigated the influence of anger on drivers’ takeover reaction time and quality, with varying urgency of auditory takeover request displays. Using a driving simulator, 36 participants experienced takeover scenarios in a semi-automated vehicle with a secondary task (game). Higher frequency and more repetitions of the auditory displays led to faster takeover reaction times, but there was no difference between angry and neutral drivers. For takeover quality, angry drivers drove faster, took longer to change lanes and had lower steering wheel angles than neutral drivers, which made riskier driving. Results are discussed with the necessity of affect research and display design guidelines in automated vehicles.
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