Effects of androgens and rutting season on drug metabolizing enzymes in dromedary camels.

Aziza Thamer El-Khaldi,Abdelgadir Musa Homeida

doi:10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0119

Aziza Thamer El-Khaldi, Abdelgadir Musa Homeida

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-3143-ar2019-0119

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Journal: Animal Reproduction	Publication Date: Jan 1, 2020
Citations: 2	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

Abstract

A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of rutting season on metabolism of testosterone (T) and its effect on drug metabolizing enzymes in dromedary camels. Serum and tissue samples were collected from liver, testes and poll glands of rutting and non- rutting camels treated with T at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg, given intramuscularly for 7 days. Liver samples were also used to monitor drug metabolizing enzymes. Testosterone and DHT concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) increased in testicular tissue and peripheral circulation of rutting camels compared to non-rutting camels and in non-rutting camels treated with T or DHT. Drug metabolizing enzymes of phase-1 reaction were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited in livers of rutting camels and in non-rutting camels treated with T and DHT. It is suggested that co-administration of drugs metabolized by oxidation with androgens should be avoided. Such drugs may cause adverse drug reaction in rutting camels.

Highlights

Dromedary camel is a multipurpose domestic animal that remains central to the subsistence and socioeconomic livelihoods of pastoralists in desert, semi desert and tropical regions
During the breeding season, the rutting camel was characterized by having a higher level of testicular and peripheral serum testosterone and DHT concentration compared to non-rutting camels in line with previous findings, that the concentration of testosterone in testicular tissue (Berndtson et al, 1983; Johnson and Thompson, 1987) and in plasma (Ali et al, 2018; El-Harairy and Attia, 2010; Nasr and El-Azab, 1990; Yagil and Etzion, 1980) was increased during breeding season than in non-breeding season
The increased secretion of these androgens may be as a result of increase in Leydig cell number per testes (Johnson and Thompson, 1987) or increase in volume of interstitial tissue (El-Harairy and Attia, 2010) during the breeding season or both

Summary

Introduction

Dromedary camel is a multipurpose domestic animal that remains central to the subsistence and socioeconomic livelihoods of pastoralists in desert, semi desert and tropical regions. Drug manufactures give no specific recommendations for the camel. The doses used clinically in this species are in general extrapolated from doses recommended for other large domestic animals. This is not without danger because toxic effects sometimes occur in camels which are given certain drugs at doses apparently harmless to other species (Al-Dughaym et al, 1998; Ali and Hassan, 1986; Homeida et al, 1981).The increased susceptibility of camels to certain drugs may at least be partly explained by the comparatively low drug metabolizing enzyme activities in this species (El Sheikh et al, 1986, 1988). The effect of sex hormones on phase-1 oxidative metabolism has been documented in humans (Bruchovsky and Wilson, 1968), goats (Witkamp et al, 1990) and cattle (Janus and Antoszek, 1999)

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