Abstract
Physical activity (PA), body composition and sedentary behavior may affect the health of children. Therefore, this study examined the effect of an educational hybrid physical education (PE) program on physical fitness (PF), body composition and sedentary and PA times in adolescents. A 9-month group-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 150 participants (age: 14.63 ± 1.38 years) allocated into the control group (CG, n = 37) and experimental group (EG, n = 113). Cardiorespiratory fitness, speed, strength, agility, flexibility and body mass index (BMI) were assessed through previously validated field tests. Sedentary time, PA at school and afterschool were evaluated with the Youth Activity Profile-Spain questionnaire. Significant differences were observed concerning to the CG in APA-weekend (p = 0.044), speed-agility (p = 0.005) and agility (p = 0.008). Regarding the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.000), speed-agility (p = 0.000), strength (p = 0.000), flexibility (p = 0.000), agility (p = 0.000), PA in school (p = 0.011), APA-weekday (p = 0.001), APA-weekend (p = 0.000), APA-week (p = 0.000), and sedentary time (p = 0.000) increased significantly in the EG. The use of a hybrid program based on teaching personal and social responsibility and gamification strategies produced enhancements in cardiorespiratory fitness, agility, speed, APA-weekdays and APA-weekends, reducing the sedentary time.
Highlights
The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (World Health Organization, 1946)
The intervention program lasted for 9 months (Figure 1) in two secondary schools assigned to the control group (CG) or experimental group (EG)
The main purpose of this study was to verify whether a hybrid educational program in physical education (PE) classes based on TPSR and gamification can increase the parameters of physical fitness (PF) and physical activity (PA); on the other hand, it can reduce body composition and sedentary behavior
Summary
The Constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” (World Health Organization, 1946) They assert that both physical and mental well-being are human rights, enabling a life without limitation or restriction. Low cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence has been associated with increased risk for death and disability later in life (Neovius et al, 2008; Högström et al, 2016; Henriksson et al, 2019) In this sense, being overweight can contribute to cardiometabolic diseases, such as diabetes or hypertension (Reilly and Kelly, 2011). It is important to know if the relationship among physical activity (PA), body composition and sedentary behavior could be relevant factors in the health of children
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