Abstract
A total of 360 barrows (PIC 1050; initially 25.1 lb and 45 d of age) were used in a 21-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC) on nursery pig performance when fed diets contaminated with low levels of deoxynivalenol (DON). Pigs were allotted to pens by weight, and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial with main effects of DON (0, 1.5 ppm, or 3.0 ppm) and AMMC inclusion (0, 0.17%, or 0.50% ). There were 5 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment. Mycotoxin analyses were conducted on the main ingredients at NDSU3 and LDA Labs4, and the results were used in diet formulation. Naturally contaminated wheat (6.03 ppm DON) was used to produce diets with desired DON levels. No significant DON × AMMC interactions were observed during the entire study. Overall (d 0 to 21), increasing DON concentration in the diet decreased (1.22 vs. 1.10 vs. 1.07 lb; linear, P < 0.001) ADG and d-21 BW as a result of decreased ADFI (2.13 vs. 2.05 vs. 2.11 lb; quadratic, P < 0.01) and poorer feed efficiency (1.49 vs. 1.50 vs. 1.64; linear, P < 0.001). As expected, DON-related growth reductions were most marked from d 0 to 7 (15 to 22% lower) and least distinct in the final period, d 14 to 21 (5 to 6% lower). Incorporating AMMC at increasing levels had no effect on ADG, ADFI, feed efficiency, or final BW. Overall, the results of this study reinforce prior research showing that even low levels of DON significantly reduce nursery pig growth, but the addition of AMMC does not offset the deleterious effects of DON.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 2014
Highlights
Deoxynivalenol (DON), known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin commonly found in wheat, corn, and other cereal grains
A total of 360 barrows (PIC 1050; initially 25.1 lb and 45 d of age) were used in a 21-d growth trial to evaluate the effects of an algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC) on nursery pig performance when fed diets contaminated with low levels of deoxynivalenol (DON)
Pigs were allotted to pens by weight, and pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 9 dietary treatments arranged in a 3 × 3 factorial with main effects of DON (0, 1.5 ppm, or 3.0 ppm) and AMMC inclusion (0, 0.17%, or 0.50% )
Summary
Deoxynivalenol (DON), known as vomitoxin, is a mycotoxin commonly found in wheat, corn, and other cereal grains. Deoxynivalenol remains challenging for livestock producers because commonly used detoxifying agents such as bentonite clay and activated aluminosilicates, which are known to be effective against aflatoxins, are largely ineffective against DON. These additives may be ineffective against DON because the DON molecule is too large to become trapped within the clay matrix. It is hypothesized that an algae-modified montmorillonite clay (AMMC), which uses a patented process (Amadeite; Olmix, Brehan, France) to incorporate algae polysaccharides and expand the layers of the clay, may alleviate the growth reductions associated with feeding DON-contaminated grains.
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