Abstract
Oleaster (Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia) trees are highly tolerant against a variety of abiotic stresses (water, temperature, salt, and other chemicals). Therefore, they can be used for rehabilitation of contaminated and/or low quality soils (brownfields, dump sites, wastelands, etc.). In order to study responses of oleaster to environmental stress in vivo and in vitro, we successfully sterilized and initiated its callus cultures, regenerated shoots and roots and finally whole plants from the callus. Application of ammonium (in the form of sulfate salt) to the regenerated plantlets at concentrations higher than 10 mg L-1 inhibited root growth, reduced the leaf chlorophyll content and the activity of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. At the same time, it induced activities of the stress marker enzyme glutathione S-transferase in the root and shoot tissues of the plant.
Highlights
Due to environmental pollution and extensive agricultural use the area of contaminated and low fertility soils is continuously enlarging worldwide
Oleaster (Russian olive, Elaeagnus angustifolia) trees are highly tolerant against a variety of abiotic stresses
An ammonium detoxification pathway is the reversible reaction of ammonia with 2-oxoglutaric acid to synthesize glutamic acid catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2): this route is activated by ammonia concentrations above normal levels [15]
Summary
Due to environmental pollution and extensive agricultural use the area of contaminated and low fertility soils is continuously enlarging worldwide. Elaeagnus species are saline and alkaline tolerant plants that grow well on disturbed and polluted soils and can be cultivated under a wide range of climatic conditions. They can be used for land recultivation and windbreaks [1]. Elaeagnus species are able to grow in symbiosis with the N2-fixing bacteria Frankia, which use prokaryotic NifH, nitrogenase reductase enzymes [4] (Figure 1). This symbiosis results in nitrogen fixing nodules developing on the roots. An ammonium detoxification pathway is the reversible reaction of ammonia with 2-oxoglutaric acid to synthesize glutamic acid catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.2): this route is activated by ammonia concentrations above normal levels [15]
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