Abstract
Aloe-emodin (1, 8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxyl-methylanthraquinone; AE) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6- methylanthraquinone; EM) are anthraquinone derivatives that have been detected in some medical plants and share similar anthraquinone structures. AE and EM have been shown to exhibit anticancer activities in various cancer cell lines; however, the inhibitory effects of these derivatives on the growth of cancer cells were previously reported to be different. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer cell death worldwide. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of 0.05 mM AE and 0.05 mM EM on the proliferation of the MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line. The proliferation of MKN45 cells was significantly inhibited in AE- and EM-treated groups 24 h and 48 h after treatment. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of EM were stronger than those of AE. The cell cycle of MKN45 cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase or G0/G1 and G2/M phases by AE and EM, respectively. However, an analysis of intracellular polyamine levels and DNA fragmentation revealed that the mechanisms underlying cell death following cell arrest induced by AE and EM differed.
Highlights
We examined the inhibitory effects of 0.05 mM AE and 0.05 mM EM on the proliferation of the MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line
We examined the inhibitory effects of AE and EM on the proliferation of the human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 with cell cycle arrest and changes in intracellular polyamine levels
Relative to the control, 0.05 mM AE significantly increased the population of cells in the G0/G1 phase from 53.2 to 63.5%, which was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of cells in the S phase from 37.1 to 26.7%. This effect was enhanced when MKN45 cells were treated with 0.05 mM EM (75.2% of the cell population in the G0/G1 phase and 13.8% of the cell population in the S phase)
Summary
The anthraquinone derivatives aloe-emodin (1,8-dihydroxy-3-hydroxyl-methylanthraquinone; AE) and emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone; EM) have been detected in some medicinal plants such as rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) (Huang et al, 2013) and Semen Cassiae (Xu et al, 2012), and share very similar anthraquinone structures (Figure 1). Chen et al (2010) previously demonstrated that the strength of the inhibitory effects of AE and EM on the growth of cancer cells differed. Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of HO O OH. CH2OH O Aloe-Emodin(MW: 270.2) HO O CH3. Cancer death worldwide (Yasui et al, 2011). Peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent form of recurrent gastric cancer (Shiozaki et al, 2014), and has a poor prognosis. The chemoprevention of gastric cancer is required
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