Abstract
To investigate the duration of apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion in the intestine in a new double jejunum-segment model, and to analyze the protective effects of allopurinol or ischemic preconditioning (IPC). In Experiment I for harvesting the double jejunum-segment model after laparotomy a 30-cm-long jejunum part was selected on mongrel dogs (n=24). End-to-end anastomoses were performed at both ends and in the middle of the jejunum part, creating two equal segments. In one segment ischemia was induced by occluding the supplying vessels, the other segment served as control. Tissue samples for detecting apoptosis were taken at 30th minutes, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 12th and 24th hours of reperfusion. In Experiment II using the same model the 4-hour reperfusion time period, allopurinol (50 mg/kg) pre-treated and IPC (3 cycles of 5x1) groups (n=5 per each) were also investigated. In Experiment I the greatest apoptotic activity was detected at the 4th and 6th hour of reperfusion (14.2 ± 1.31 and 16.3 ± 1.05 per visual field at 40x magnification). In Experiment II Using the 4-hour reperfusion time period allopurinol pre-treatment increased the apoptotic activity (10.72 ± 0.47 per 50 intestinal villi) approximately two-fold than the IPC (6.72 ± 0.46 per 50 intestinal villi) did (p<0.05). Apoptotic activity has a characteristic time curve, reaching the highest values between the 4th and 6th hours after 30-minute intestinal ischemia. Ischemic preconditioning seemed to be protective against the morphological changes caused by intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.
Highlights
MethodsIschemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of small bowel appears in case of small bowel transplantation, heart and aorta surgical interventions, acute and chronic mesenteric arterial and venous occlusion, during hypovolemic shock, intense trauma, in various forms of vasculitis, and necrotising enterocolitis[1,2].Small intestinal mucosa with a high regenerative capacity is one of the tissues being most sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury
Investigating these questions, we aimed to analyse the duration of presence of apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the intestinal wall using a double jejunum-segment model in the dogs
The second aim was to investigate the effects of allopurinol and ischemic preconditioning in the same model
Summary
MethodsIschemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury of small bowel appears in case of small bowel transplantation, heart and aorta surgical interventions, acute and chronic mesenteric arterial and venous occlusion, during hypovolemic shock, intense trauma, in various forms of vasculitis, and necrotising enterocolitis (in childhood)[1,2].Small intestinal mucosa with a high regenerative capacity is one of the tissues being most sensitive to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further questions raised whether ischemic preconditioning or administration of allopurinol (inhibitor of xanthine-oxidase) can be effective to keep the normal apoptotic level and morphological structure. What are the role and process of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of I/R injuries in the intestinal wall? Investigating these questions, we aimed to analyse the duration of presence of apoptosis caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the intestinal wall using a double jejunum-segment model in the dogs. The second aim was to investigate the effects of allopurinol and ischemic preconditioning in the same model
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