Effects of Alcohol on Inhibitory Avoidance Learning in Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Abstract

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) can be used in studies addressing the effects of drugs on learning, memory, and anxiety. In the present study, we investigated the effect of different alcohol treatments (chronic and acute) on the learning and anxiety response of zebrafish in an inhibitory avoidance paradigm. Zebrafish were initially exposed to different alcohol treatments and submitted to an inhibitory avoidance protocol, where an electroshock was applied to the fish as they swam from the white to the black side of a shuttle box tank (naturally preferred environment of zebrafish). Animals from the control and 0.5% acute alcohol groups exhibited high latency to enter the black side of the tank after the first exposure to electroshock, in addition to higher freezing and a shorter distance from the bottom of the tank, suggesting acute alcohol exposure did not affect aversive learning in zebrafish. However, chronic exposure and alcohol withdrawal impaired the fish's capacity to properly respond to the aversive stimulus. Overall, our results show the harmful effects of chronic alcohol exposure, both continued intake and its cessation, but avoidance behavior persisted and anxiety increased following acute alcohol exposure.