Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effect of basic agrotechnical factors on the yield and quality of winter wheat. Two experiments were set in 2017/2018 growing season, where we studied the influence of different forecrops, fertilizing treatments and cultivars. 204 samples were measured with Single Kernel Characterization System and NIR grain analyser to determine protein (NIR-P), wet gluten (NIR-WG), Hardness Index (HI), kernel weight (KW) and kernel diameter (KD). Fertilizing had a significant effect on yield, KW, HI, NIR-P and NIR-WG, except KD. N90PK dosage was enough to realize yield potential for 6 out of 9 cultivars, but considering protein content N150PK dosage was needed. The forecrop had no significant influence on yield, KW, KD or HI, however sweet corn as previous crop had significant improving effect on NIR-P and NIR-WG compared to sunflower as forecrop. According to our data of correlation analysis, no negative relationship was found between yield and NIR-P, however HI was in medium positive correlation with NIR-P. The variety Vyckor had the highest yield, but in quality aspect, the highest NIR-P and NIR-WG values belonged to KG Kunhalom variety.
Highlights
Winter wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Hungary because of its wide range of usability and great nutritional properties
Two experiments were set in 2017/2018 growing season, where we studied the influence of different forecrops, fertilizing treatments and cultivars. 204 samples were measured with Single Kernel Characterization System and NIR grain analyser to determine protein (NIR-P), wet gluten (NIR-WG), Hardness Index (HI), kernel weight (KW) and kernel diameter (KD)
Forecrop had no significant effect on KW, KD and HI, in contrast samples grown after sweet corn had significantly higher KW compared to sunflower in control treatments (Figure 2), thereby the results of KW did not correlate with Borghi et al (1995)
Summary
Winter wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in Hungary because of its wide range of usability and great nutritional properties. The quality parameters of wheat can be divided into two groups: 1) chemical properties, like protein and wet gluten content, sedimentation value; 2) physical ones, like colour, shape, weight and kernel hardness, these attributes determine together the milling and baking value (Pasha et al, 2010). In the 3-year experiment of Stoeva and Ivanova (2009), there was no significant effect of maize, sunflower and bean forecrop on wet gluten content. The yield was increased by average 2.3 tonne ha-1 with N90PK treatment and sweet corn as forecrop, the fertilizing improved significantly the protein and wet gluten content of the samples (Pepó, 2016). In the experiment of Borghi et al (1995) maize and lucerne as previous crop had significant effect on yield and thousand kernel weight
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