Abstract
The chemical composition of Hyssopus officinalis (Lamiaceae) essential oil grown in southeastern Spain was analyzed by GC-MS. Due to the high relevance of this species in the world market, the study is focused on chemical heterogeneity of different oil batches and their extraction yield, cultivated under irrigation and non-irrigation conditions and with different harvesting dates. All essential oil samples have two main terpene compounds which are pinocamphone and iso-pinocamphone, accounting for approximately 35–40% of the total oil content. Other relevant compounds were identified, with β-pinene, which accounted for 10–17% contribution to the total composition, standing out. Significant differences between their volatile composition have been observed between treatments, being limonene, (E)-β-ocimene, pinocarveol, α-pinene and β-phellandrene the compounds that contributed most to the discrimination. It was also observed that the irrigation period is the most favourable for the cultivation of hyssop in this region, specially for batch 7 which gives the highest extraction yield and the best EO quality.
Highlights
Like other aromatic plants from the Lamiaceae family, hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) has remarkable botanical and commercial interest [1,2]
Due to its great floristic and phytogenic richness, the Iberian Peninsula has the richest spontaneous aromatic plant flora in Europe. This situation has allowed for the establishment of an important production and export industry based on the harvest of wild aromatic plants, which have some problems as a consequence of the great heterogeneity among the chemical composition of the final products and lack of quality control, as it is the case of hyssop extracts
Hyssopus officinalis L. is a type of crop that needs a low water supply and its cultivation in the Mediterranean area is favourable, a significant water deficit in this type of aromatic crops, may cause negative changes in terms of oil quality [11]
Summary
Like other aromatic plants from the Lamiaceae family, hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) has remarkable botanical and commercial interest [1,2]. Due to its great floristic and phytogenic richness, the Iberian Peninsula has the richest spontaneous aromatic plant flora in Europe This situation has allowed for the establishment of an important production and export industry based on the harvest of wild aromatic plants, which have some problems as a consequence of the great heterogeneity among the chemical composition of the final products and lack of quality control, as it is the case of hyssop extracts. Aristatus, montanus, angustifolius, canescens, etc), chemotype/phenotypes (linalool-rich, etc) and different populations, that are not controlled Some agrotechnical factors, such as fertilization, water supply, and harvesting can be followed to achieve a successful production [1,6,7,8,9]. Due to the high demand for H. officinalis L. essential oil on world markets, our study is centred on how the irrigation and non-irrigation treatments over the same cultivation affect the quality of the EO chemical composition, in order to be able to provide some guidance for optimum cultivation conditions to commercial growers
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