Abstract
Abstract This study aims to determine the normalized response speed (V rn) in vastus lateralis (VL) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles in different age groups using tensiomyography. Eighty-four male subjects were divided into four age groups: teenage subjects (T); undergraduate students (U), adult subjects (A), and the elderly group (E). Differences in V rn were observed between E and T (p = 0.000), E and U (p = 0.000), and E and A (p = 0.018) for right VL and between E and T (p < 0.000) and U (p = 0.003) for left VL; between T and U (p = 0.010) and A (p = 0.000) for right VL, and A (p = 0.004) for left VL. V rn in the BF displayed different behavior from that of the VL, increasing moderately or stabilizing and declining slightly in E, in right leg (p = 0.020). The data obtained highlighted a decline in V rn for the VL in both legs with increasing age and, declines in BF response speed were observed only in E.
Highlights
Loss of muscle mass is one of the leading causes of the functional limitations and disabilities associated with aging [37, 52] and the main cause of reduced strength in adults between 25 and 80 years of age [43]
Subject selection was based on the following criteria: teenage subjects (T) that regularly trained, three times a week; undergraduate students (U) that were enrolled at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, where they are obliged by the curriculum to engage in constant but moderate physical activity; adult subjects (A) that were active at work and engage in recreational physical activity during the week; the elderly group (E) that comprised subjects aged 65 or over, whose physical activity was limited to the requirements of daily living
The results indicated that the biceps femoris (Fig. 2) had a lower response speed and behaved differently to the vastus lateralis (VL) with increasing age: over the first five or six decades of life, muscle response speed appeared to undergo no significant changes
Summary
Loss of muscle mass is one of the leading causes of the functional limitations and disabilities associated with aging [37, 52] and the main cause of reduced strength in adults between 25 and 80 years of age [43]. It is marked in highly sedentary (hypokinetic) subjects. Of all the body systems, the neuromuscular system displays the most significant differences between sedentary, inactive, and trained or active individuals: muscles that are never used deteriorate more rapidly over time, and at an advanced age, muscle status is poorer, in sedentary subjects than in those who have maintained an adequate training regime [8, 21, 69]
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