Effects of aerobic exercise on the torque-velocity relationship in cycling

Abstract

The kinetics of the torque-velocity (T-omega) relationship after aerobic exercise was studied to assess the effect of fatigue on the contractile properties of muscle. A group of 13 subjects exercised until fatigued on a cycle ergometer, at an intensity which corresponded to 60% of their maximal aerobic power for 50 min (MAP60%); ten subjects exercised until fatigued at 80% of their maximal aerobic power for 15 min (MAP80%). Of the subjects 7 exercised at both intensities with at least a 1-week interval between sessions. Pedalling rate was set at 60 rpm. The T-omega relationship was determined from the velocity data collected during all-out sprints against a 19 N.m braking torque on the same ergometer, according to a method proposed previously. Maximal theoretical velocity (omega zero) and maximal theoretical torque (Tzero) were estimated by extrapolation of the linear T-omega relationship. Maximal power (Pmax) was calculated from the values of Tzero and omega zero (Pmax = 0.25 omega zero Tzero). The T-omega relationships were determined before, immediately after and 5 and 10 min after the aerobic exercise. The kinetics of omega zero, Tzero and Pmax was assumed to express the effects of fatigue on the muscle contractile properties (maximal shortening velocity, maximal muscle strength and maximal power). Immediately after exercise at MAP60% a 7.8% decrease in Tzero and 8.8% decrease in Pmax was seen while the decrease in omega zero was nonsignificant, which suggested that Pmax decreased in the main because of a loss in maximal muscle strength. In contrast, MAP80% induced a 8.1% decrease in omega zero and 12.8% decrease in Pmax while the decrease in Tzero was nonsignificant, which suggested that the main cause of the decrease in Pmax was probably a slowing of maximal shortening velocity. The short recovery time of the T-omega relationship suggests that the causes of the decrease of torque and velocity are processes which recover rapidly.