Abstract
BackgroundThe occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) is related to the inflammation of the oviduct. Recently, Adrenomedullin (ADM) was found highly expression in human oviduct. The current study is to investigate whether ADM have a modulatory action on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in oviductal tissue from women with tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP).MethodsOviductal isthmus samples were collected from women with tEP undergoing salpingectomy, and women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynaecological conditions. The mRNA and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were assayed by PCR (n = 6 for tEP, n = 5 for controls) and protein microarray methods (n = 5 for both tEP and controls) respectively.ResultsSome of the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were upregulated by ADM in oviducts from tEP patients at both mRNA and protein levels. Incubation of oviduct from tEP patients with ADM for 24 h down-regulated some of these cytokines/chemokines.ConclusionOur results suggest an additional mechanism whereby ADM insufficiency may increase the susceptibility to tEP through diminished anti-inflammatory activity. The actual impact of the relationship between ADM and inflammatory process on tubal implantation needs further exploration.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12958-015-0117-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy is related to the inflammation of the oviduct
Significant up-regulation of mRNA expression (p < 0.05) in tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) compared to control was evident in only 2 of the 5 studied genes, namely GMCSF and IFN-gamma an apparently increased expression of the rest was seen
ADM treatment modulates the cytokine/chemokine expression in tEP oviducts ADM treatment for 24 h significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the levels of 7 out of the 8 cytokines that were upregulated in tEP (Table 1), except for IFN-gamma
Summary
The occurrence of tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) is related to the inflammation of the oviduct. The current study is to investigate whether ADM have a modulatory action on inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in oviductal tissue from women with tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP). Tubal ectopic pregnancy (tEP) occurs when an embryo implants in the oviduct. This is a major life-threatening health issue but the underlying causes remain unclear. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as angiogenic factors, were induced by trophoblasts in the endometrium to facilitate implantation [7]. Cytokines, those in the IL-6 family, play a significant role in establishing a pro-implantation environment in the uterus [8]. IL-10 and adiponectin are required to reduce inflammation and to promote fetal and placental growth [9]
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