Abstract
BackgroundVirus-Like Particles (VLPs) represent an efficient strategy to present and deliver conformational antigens to the immune system, inducing both arms of the adaptive immune response. Moreover, their particulate structure surrounded by cell membrane provides an adjuvanted effect to VLP-based immunizations. In the present study, the elicitation of different patterns of IgG subclasses by VLPs, administered in CpG ODN1826 or poly(I:C) adjuvants, has been evaluated in an animal model.ResultsAdjuvanted VLPs elicited a higher titer of total specific IgG compared to VLPs alone. Furthermore, while VLPs alone induced a balanced TH2 pattern, VLPs formulated with either adjuvant elicited a TH1-biased IgG subclasses (IgG2a and IgG3), with poly(I:C) more potent than CpG ODN1826.ConclusionsThe results confirmed that adjuvants efficiently improve antigen immunogenicity and represent a suitable strategy to skew the adaptive immune response toward the differentiation of the desired T helper subset, also using VLPs as antigen.
Highlights
The development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine, either prophylactic or therapeutic, remains a major concern and a high priority for the scientific community
We have previously reported that baculovirus-expressed HIV-1 Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) developed in our laboratory induce secretion of both TH1 and TH2 cytokines in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells (MDDC) [51,52] as well as in PBMCs [53,54]
Immunization with HIV-1 VLP induces specific antibodies to HIV-1 antigens In order to determine the effect of CpG ODN1826 and poly(I:C) adjuvants on the humoral response elicited by baculovirus-expressed HIV-VLPs developed in our laboratory, Balb/c mice were immunized by intradermal route with 20 μg of VLPs alone or formulated with the two adjuvants
Summary
The development of a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine, either prophylactic or therapeutic, remains a major concern and a high priority for the scientific community In this respect, given that strategies based on attenuated or inactivated pathogens are not suitable as HIV vaccines for safety reasons, alternative effective vaccination strategies are developed and evaluated [1]. Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) represent an efficient strategy to present and deliver conformational antigens to the immune system, inducing both arms of the adaptive immune response. Their particulate structure surrounded by cell membrane provides an adjuvanted effect to VLP-based immunizations. The elicitation of different patterns of IgG subclasses by VLPs, administered in CpG ODN1826 or poly(I:C) adjuvants, has been evaluated in an animal model
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