Abstract
Approximately 22% of U.S. adults and 25% of adults globally have metabolic syndrome (MetS). Key features, such as dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, predict type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, premature disability, and death. Acute supplementation of dietary polyphenols and post-meal physical activity hold promise in improving postprandial dysmetabolism. To our knowledge, no published review has described the effects of either intervention on postprandial glucose, insulin, lipids, and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation in adults with features of MetS. Thus, we conducted this review of controlled clinical trials that provided dietary polyphenols from oils, fruits, teas, and legumes during a dietary challenge, or implemented walking, cycling, and stair climbing and descending after a dietary challenge. Clinical trials were identified using ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and Google Scholar and were published between 2000 and 2019. Dietary polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil, grapes, blackcurrants, strawberries, black tea, and black beans improved postprandial glucose, insulin, and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation, but results were not consistent among clinical trials. Freeze-dried strawberry powder distinctly improved postprandial insulin and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation. Post-meal physical activity attenuated postprandial glucose, but effects on postprandial lipids and markers of oxidative damage and inflammation were inconclusive. Consuming dietary polyphenols with a meal and completing physical activity after a meal may mitigate postprandial dysmetabolism in adults with features of MetS.
Highlights
An estimated 30.3 million adults (9.4%) in the United States (U.S.) are presently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1], and approximately 22% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) or pre-diabetes [2]
The literature search focused exclusively on controlled clinical trials investigating the use of acute supplementation of dietary-polyphenol-containing foods, beverages, and supplements or post-meal physical activity in adults with features of the MetS
The 18 reports included in this review are described below in Tables 1 and 2
Summary
An estimated 30.3 million adults (9.4%) in the United States (U.S.) are presently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1], and approximately 22% meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) or pre-diabetes [2]. The burgeoning prevalence of T2D is a grave public health concern. A prudent prevention approach is to target the groups at the greatest risk of developing T2D, such as those with MetS, and to identify interventions that address its pathological mechanisms. Different organizations define MetS slightly differently, but all definitions include measures of obesity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. A commonly used definition is the one revised in 2005 by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III [3].
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