Effects of acidic pH on wild, farmed, and F1 hybrid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

Abstract

Farmed escapees have the potential to introduce novel genes to wild salmon and alter locally adapted populations. We tested whether the acidic conditions found in rivers on Newfoundland’s south coast might differentially impact offspring of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in comparison to wild populations. We performed crosses with wild and farmed parents to obtain wild (W♂ × W♀), farmed (F♂ × F♀), and F1 hybrid (W♂ × F♀, F♂ × W♀) parr and conducted a common garden experiment at neutral or acidic pH. No differences were observed between pure wild crosses and F1 hybrids, suggesting that acidic waters do not differentially affect survival, growth, condition factor, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity of F1 hybrids. Trends in mortality show that pure farmed parr had lower survival than pure wild and F1 hybrids in low pH. Considering that production of F1 hybrids rather than pure farmed offspring is the most likely outcome in the wild, pure farmed parr survival may have little bearing on the prediction of genetic risks of farmed–wild interactions. There is no evidence to indicate that the survival of the F1 generation in acidic waters acts as a potential barrier against introgression.