Abstract
To determine if immersion of Achilles tendon segments into various solutions improved qualitative delineation of tendon and affected quantitative MR values of T2 and T2*. Six Achilles tendons were dissected, sectioned (proximal, midportion, and distal tensile pieces) and imaged at 3T both at baseline in air and after immersion into saline, Fomblin, and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), respectively, for 24 h. Blinded readers qualitatively assessed the delineation of tendon boundaries and quantitatively Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* was calculated. Comparison between images obtained in air and in solution was made. On qualitative evaluation, all images obtained in air had larger air-tissue susceptibility effects. Mean T2 values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 16.1 ± 3.7, 16.6 ± 2.9, and 18.8 ± 2.6 ms at baseline in air, and 14.8 ± 4.6, 15.9 ± 3.0, and 17.7 ± 3.0 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. Mean T2* values of saline, Fomblin, and PFOB groups were 2.0 ± 0.8, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.5 ± 0.5 ms at baseline in air, and 2.1 ± 0.5, 1.6 ± 0.5, and 1.4 ± 0.5 ms after immersion in the fluid, respectively. There was no significant effect of immersion or fluid type on measured T2 or T2* (P > 0.1). These results validate the continued use of these solutions to prevent tendon specimen dehydration and to minimize susceptibility effects.
Highlights
To determine if immersion of Achilles tendon segments into various solutions improved qualitative delineation of tendon and affected quantitative MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR) values of T2 and T2*
Various solutions have been used in the literature to circumvent these effects, including perflouorochemicals such as Fomblin (Ausimont, Thorofare, NJ) and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), which demonstrate very low toxicity, a paucity of 1H nuclei, and improved susceptibility matching with tissue at interfaces [2,3]
Bland-Altman plot of ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* values (Fig. 3d) suggested negligible bias of À0.02 ms and limit of confidence of 0.64 ms. These results suggested that there is very little bias in T2 or T2* values due to immersion of the samples in various fluids tested in this study
Summary
Six Achilles tendons were dissected, sectioned (proximal, midportion, and distal tensile pieces) and imaged at 3T both at baseline in air and after immersion into saline, Fomblin, and perfluorooctyl bromide (PFOB), respectively, for 24 h. Blinded readers qualitatively assessed the delineation of tendon boundaries and quantitatively Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* was calculated. Comparison between images obtained in air and in solution was made
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