Abstract
In this study, experiments were performed on the applicability of mortars and concretes based on calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) binders to facilitate the early strength development of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) under low-temperature conditions. An optimum mixture of CSA was evaluated to improve the early strength of OPC, and the effects of accelerators and retarders on this mixture were examined to demonstrate the applicability of the resulting concrete mixture. Furthermore, mixture applicability was validated by producing concrete at the Remicon Batcher plant and performing numerical simulations. As observed, the optimum CSA substitution rate for the realization of early strength was 17% of the total unit binder amount with CaO/SO3 and SO3/Al2O3 ratios of 1.9 and 1.25, respectively. Evidently, CSA in combination with Na2SO4 as an accelerator promoted the early strength of concrete with OPC and secured its constructability using additional retarders to control the quick setting of concrete. Additionally, the activation of initial hydration at low temperatures yielded a compressive strength of 5 MPa/12 h or higher for the resulting concrete mixture.
Highlights
In view of its reaction with water to produce hydrates, cement undergoes strengthening through condensation followed by curing [1,2,3,4,5]
20–40 min in the presence of an accelerator. These results indicate that the use accelerator promotes the hydration of the reactive hauyne minerals, and since the compressive strength of analso accelerator the hydration of initial the reactive hauyne the compressive was affected,promotes it was considered that the production of minerals, ettringite and since increased strength was affected, it was considered that the initial production of ettringite increased
The early strength development of concrete based on ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cement blends at low temperature curing was examined
Summary
In view of its reaction with water to produce hydrates, cement undergoes strengthening through condensation followed by curing [1,2,3,4,5]. This initial hydration reaction produces ettringite and the Ca2+. An acceleration period occurs, in which hydration is reactivated from the C–S–H membrane surrounding the alite (C3 S) and belite (C2 S) particles, which undergo expansion and destruction. Nuclei are produced in the C–S–H phase to accelerate the growth and rapid consumption of Ca(OH) , which actively produces hydrated products. The ettringite membrane surrounding the aluminate particles is destroyed to rehydrate C3 A, and the compressive strength is expressed through the transition to monosulfates, from insufficient quantities of gypsum [2,6].
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