Effects of Above- and Below-Ground Interactions of Plants on Growth of Tree Seedlings in Low-Elevation Tropical Rainforests on Hainan Island, China

Abstract

Understanding the effects of above- and below-ground interactions on seedling growth is pivotal for identifying the key drivers of secondary forest succession. However, it is still unclear whether the effects of above- and below-ground interactions of plants are consistent for seedling growth of deciduous and evergreen species. There are two types of broadleaved forests (i.e., tropical lowland rainforest and tropical deciduous monsoon rainforest) in the low-elevation (<800 m) areas of Hainan Island in China. Here, 32 seedling transplanting plots (1 × 1 m2) were established in the tropical lowland rainforest and the tropical deciduous monsoon rainforest, respectively. Four treatments (each with 16 replicates) were carried out to reduce above- and below-ground interactions of plants in the low-elevation forests: removal of vegetation (R), root trenching (T), removal of vegetation and root trenching (R + T), and no vegetation removal or trenching (as the control) (C). Seedlings of four deciduous species and four evergreen species were planted to observe their performance in the experiments. The relative growth rates (RGR) of the seedlings were measured to distinguish the relative effects of above- and below-ground interactions. The photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was measured as a proxy for above-ground interaction and the root biomass was used as a proxy for below-ground interaction. The relationships between seedling RGR and PAR/root biomass were examined. Results showed that: (1) R and R+T treatments significantly increased the seedlings RGR, but T treatment had no effect on the RGR; (2) the growth rates of deciduous species were greater than those of the evergreen species; and (3) seedling growth rates were increased with more PAR. Our study suggests that above-ground vegetation removal had a stronger effect than trenching on the growth and assembly of tree seedlings in the low-elevation tropical rainforests.