Abstract
Efforts to develop the necessary biotechnologies in Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.), a leading plant resource for the development of plant-derived medicines, have been hampered by the lack of knowledge about transcriptome and metabolome regulations of its medicinal components. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of abiotic elicitors, methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA), at different time courses (12, 24, 48, and 72 h), on expression and metabolome of key benzophenanthridine alkaloids (BPAs) in an optimized in vitro culture. Gene expression analysis indicated the upregulation of CFS (cheilanthifoline synthase) to 2.62, 4.85, and 7.28 times higher than the control at 12, 24, and 48 h respectively, under MJ elicitation. Besides, MJ upregulated the expression of TNMT (tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase) to 2.79, 4.75, and 7.21 times at 12, 24, and 48 h respectively, compared to the control. Investigation of BPAs revealed a significant enhancement in the chelidonine content (9.86 µg/mg) after 72 h of MJ elicitation. Additionally, sanguinarine content increased to its highest level (3.42 µg/mg) after 24 h of MJ elicitation; however, no significant enhancement was detected in its content in shorter elicitation time courses. Generally, higher gene expression and BPAs’ level was observed through longer elicitation courses (48 and 72 h). Our findings take part in improving the understanding of transcription and metabolic regulation of BPAs in cultured Greater Celandine cells.
Highlights
Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is a biennial/perennial plant native to Europe and North Asia [1]
The B5 basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 IAA and 0.2 mg L−1 BAP was found to be the most promising platform for shoot explants, with 56% of callus induction frequency (Figure 2b)
To design strategies to improve the production of bioactive compounds, an understanding of how plant cells at the transcriptome and metabolome levels respond to abiotic elicitors is a prerequisite
Summary
Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is a biennial/perennial plant native to Europe and North Asia [1] It is a promising medicinal plant in terms of traditional and modern pharmacology, which covers a range of valuable phytochemicals, most notably anti-cancer chelidonine [2], anti-inflammatory berberine [3], and anti-bacteria sanguinarine [4]. This plant is well-known for its lead in the industry of anti-cancer plant-derived medicines [5,6]. They are planting them on the farm and extracting medicinal components directly from intact plants, which completely depends on the growing location and harvesting season [7]
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