Effects of a Phenol-Enriched Purified Extract from Olive Mill Wastewater on Skin Cells

Peggy Schlupp,Thomas Schmidts,Axel Pössl,Sören Wildenhain,Bandino Lo Franco,Antonio Lo Franco,Gianni Lo Franco

doi:10.3390/cosmetics6020030

Peggy Schlupp, Thomas Schmidts + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics6020030

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Abstract

Olive trees (Olea europaea) and their processed products, such as olive oil, play a major role in the Mediterranean way of life. Their positive impact on human health is being intensely investigated. One research topic is the identification of new application areas of olive mill wastewater (OMWW). OMWW is characterized by the high content of polyphenols possessing many positive health effects. Thus, the phenol-enriched OMWW extract offers the potential for the treatment of skin disorders and for cosmetic application. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cell viability and proliferation, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of a phenol-enriched OMWW extract on an immortal keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). Moreover, the influence on the growth of various microorganisms was investigated; furthermore, the effects on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) and human melanoma cells (A375) were studied in a commercially available tumor invasion skin model. The phenol-enriched OMWW extract showed excellent antimicrobial activity. Moreover, a noticeable reduction in reactive oxygen species formation as well as Interleukin-8 release in HaCaT cells were observed. Finally, the inhibited growth of A375 melanoma nodules in the melanoma skin model could be shown. Our results indicate that the OMWW extract is a promising ingredient for dermal applications to improve skin health and skin protection as well as having a positive impact on skin ageing.

Highlights

Olive trees (Olea europaea) and their processed products, such as olive oil, play a major role in the Mediterranean way of life
The A375 cell clusters were smaller in size. These results suggest that the olive mill wastewater (OMWW) extracts reduce the growth of A375 melanoma nodules in vitro compared to the untreated samples as determined by a reduction in cell cluster size
A375 cells; clusters were smaller in size. These results suggest that the extracts reduce the growth of arrows indicate some of the melanoma cell clusters at the epidermal–dermal junction, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, A375 melanoma nodules in bar vitro compared to the untreated samples as determined by a reduction in cell cluster size

Summary

Introduction

Olive trees (Olea europaea) and their processed products, such as olive oil, play a major role in the Mediterranean way of life. In addition to the oil phase, a large quantity of aqueous phase (olive mill wastewater, OMWW) and small quantities of pomace (plant fibers) are formed during the olive grinding process [4,6]. The disposal of these by-products is cost-intensive. The quantity and the compositions of the phenols largely depend on the cultivation conditions of the olive trees, the manufacturing process of the olive oil, and the extraction method for the purification of OMWW [8]

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