Effects of a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogue, JTP-2942, on extracellular acetylcholine and choline levels in the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus

Abstract

The effects of a novel thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, N α-[(1S,2R)-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopentanecarbonyl]-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (JTP-2942) on acetylcholine (ACh) release and on the extracelullar choline level were investigated in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus by microdialysis, and were compared with effects of TRH. JTP-2942 (0.3 mg/kg i.p.) produced a marked (> 300%) and persistent increase of ACh release in both the frontal cortex and hippocampus, while TRH (3 mg/kg i.p.) caused a significant but transient increase of ACh to about 200% in the frontal cortex. Both drugs significantly decreased the choline levels in both brain regions. Investigation of the effects of JTP-2942 (0.001–1 mM) and TRH (1 and 10 mM) on ACh release and choline levels when perfused through the dialysis probe revealed that JTP-2942 had a greater effect than TRH in both the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. The action of JTP-2942 was about 1 000-fold more potent than that of TRH in both brain regions. Oral administration of JTP-2942 at a dose of 10 mg/kg markedly and persistently increased the release of ACh and at doses of 1–10 mg/kg decreased the extracellular choline level in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. These results also suggest that JTP-2942 has some selectivity for the hippocampus compared to the frontal cortex after both systemic administration and local injection. The increase of ACh release caused by JTP-2942 was completely antagonized by perfusion with tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 μM), suggesting that the action of JTP-2942 on cholinergic neurons was mediated via neuronal activity.