Effects of a novel light‐curable material on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells

Abstract

To assess the biological effects, including odontoblastic differentiation of a novel light-curable material (TheraCal), on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). The hDPCs were isolated from freshly extracted, caries-free third molars. Ten discs of TheraCal and MTA (8mm in diameter and 3mm in height) were incubated in α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) and the supernatant collected. Viability of hDPCs in response to TheraCal and MTA was measured using the WST-1 assay. RT-PCR and real-time PCR were used to detect the gene expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein-1 (DMP-1). ALP staining and Alizarin red S staining were used to evaluate the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralization behaviour. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to determine the statistically significant differences as a result of the variation in test materials (P<0.05). The effects of TheraCal and MTA on cell viability were similar except at the highest concentration. The mRNA level of DSPP increased significantly in the MTA group relative to the control at day 1 and 3 (P<0.05). Also, the mRNA level of DSPP increased significantly in the TheraCal group relative to the control at day 3 (P<0.05). The increased mRNA level of DMP-1 was 2.5-fold and 2.3-fold each in the MTA and TheraCal groups relative to the control (P<0.05). Cells exposed to MTA exhibited a 1.4-fold increase of ALP staining relative to control (P<0.05). In the mineralization assay, increased calcium nodule formation was twofold and 1.3-fold each in the MTA and TheraCal groups compared to the control (P<0.05). TheraCal and MTA had the ability to induce odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs.