EFFECTS OF A NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING PROGRAM ON BALANCE IN OLDER ADULTS

Abstract

Studies in the area of balance have shown that the hip girdle musculature is involved in one of the main strategies employed in regaining balance. It has also been shown that 12 week strength training programs undertaken at any age can show modest improvements in strength and profound effects in functional independence. Purpose: To examine the relationship between neuromuscular recruitment in the muscles associated with the hip girdle and functional balance in a 12 week training program with healthy older adults. Methods: Forty-four women aged 70 and older volunteered into the control (n1 = 22, Mean Age = 75.91 ± 3.66) or training group (n2 = 22, Mean Age = 76.05 ± 4.78). Subjects were tested on 2 functional lower body tests; a Timed Two-Legged Squat (TTLS) and Timed Chair Stand (TCS). Functional balance was assessed using the Kinesthetic Ability Trainer (KAT). The KAT uses an inflatable air bladder to alter the stability of the platform. Platform stability was timed under 3 conditions (psi levels: 1.0, 2.5, 4.0) with eyes open and closed. Subjects in the training group were allotted to training workouts consisting of 1 hour stretching and strengthening programs 3x/wk for 12 weeks. Subjects in the comparison group were asked to maintain their daily routines and not participate in additional activities. A subjective questionnaire on general well-being was administered to both groups after the completion of the study. Results: Currently with 9 of 22 completed 12 weeks of training (n1 = 9, n2 = 9), a 2×2 ANOVA with repeated measures on one factor demonstrated a statistical significant effect in the TTLS (p = 0.01), and TCS (p < 0.01). As well, as expected, the TTLS was negatively correlated with the TCS. The results of the questionnaire suggest that undertaking a strength-training program can improve one's quality of life. However, no significant difference was noted under any of the balance conditions. Conclusion: These results suggest that resistance training improves strength, functional independence and quality of life. Further research, with larger sample sizes, is warranted to assess the effects on balance.